Impact on Local Community and Environment

2.Impact on Local Community and Environment 2.1 Image and Regeneration Environmentally Sustainable direction should be implemented from the early phases of event planning. Alternatively of concentrating on holding ‘green’ installations and equipment, the construct of sustainability should be implemented in the full determination devising procedure. Therefore holding an environmentally sustainable event should be portion of the purposes and aims. Mega events are extremely concerned about this, as undertaking environmental issues are important in winning a command. This inaugural gave London success in winning their command and the chance to host the Olympic games in 2012. In their command study London promised that 20 per cent of the Olympic Park energy comes from sustainable agencies. Besides obtaining the games London’s Environmentally sustainable direction gave the chance for regeneration of East London. Beside seting two thousand native trees and 300,000 wetland workss and reconstructing five stat mis of the River Lea, new locales and attractive forces were constructed together with new places, schools and concerns. This increased touristry in East London therefore helped in making a better image non merely for east London but besides to the full metropolis. However some aims such as edifice wind turbines were non carried out and some undertakings were merely done in order to pull tourers instead than for sustainability. Conveyance and Noise Pollution Environmentally Sustainable Management is extremely important even more so in modern twenty-four hours, as local councils have the power to prohibit an event from go oning, if they see that the event is making devastation and doing lives harder on locals. When be aftering an event the event director must maintain in head that the bulk of pollution and breaks created during an event, come from transit to and from the event. DEFRA ( 2002 ) illustrated that noise ailments to Environmental Health Officers have drastically increased over the last 20 old ages, peculiarly for route traffic. Events such as festivals are supplying transit from different metropoliss to the location and encouraging visitants to utilize public transit where necessary. During mega events such as the Olympic games public transit should be efficient for the usage of people in order to advance the usage of public transit over private transit and hence cut downing congestion. During the London Olympics in over 100 mi llion journeys were made utilizing the belowground tubing. Having scheduled transit to an event will make a flow in the figure of visitants geting during a short period therefore this will let controlling of the visitants and cut downing traffic break, congestion and noise pollution at the location. The traffic Management Plan for Isle of White 2013 established a program for â€Å"roads and paths from the ferry terminuss are free from congestion, thereby understating the impact of Festival related vehicular traffic on the route network† and hence minimising the consequence on locals. Transportation is non merely used by visitants, but besides by staff who arrive at events location yearss prior to the event. During festivals the figure of staff can make over 1,000 people. In 2010 T in the park provided staff with bikes, which were used at the site location during the set up, in order to cut down the usage of autos. This is done as portion of the understanding with Julieâ€℠¢s Bicycle in 2008 in order to cut C emanations by 40 % by 2020, which is portion of the Scots Parliament’s committedness. However this is non plenty, and efficient transit to staff should be organized so that the use of private autos to acquire to the location is reduced. Eurovision Song Contest in Malmo in 2013 decided to utilize ISO 20121 and provided free public transit to all delegates and the imperativeness. Visitors were besides encouraged to do usage of the train to acquire to the sphere in order to cut down emanations. Noise Pollution is another factor that has to be taken into consideration for event direction. In 2013, Flag Factory Festival at The Plough in Hutton was threatened by Brentwood Borough Council ‘s licensing officers due to the impact of noise on occupants. There is non much an event organizer can make to minimise noise pollution on neighbouring occupants nevertheless the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 provides limitations to this issue and besides states that staff should be protected from loud noises. 3.Reducing Costss 3.1Facilities Event directors are cognizant that by implementing Environmentally Sustainable direction they are besides cutting costs, particularly in events that occur repeatedly and desire to be in the concern for the long tally. Events generate considerable sum of waste that doesn’t merely have negative impacts on the environment, but it is besides dearly-won to the organizers. In 1996 directing waste to landfill cost ?7 a metric ton and a lower rate of ?2 for inactive waste nevertheless in 2013 this increased to ?72 a metric ton which made organizers more cognizant of the waste an event generates. Melvin Benn caput of ‘Festival Republic’ acknowledges that bettering environmental public presentation â€Å" no longer merely makes environmental sense, it makes economic sense every bit good † . Events administrations are coming up with enterprises to cut down waste and have a greener event. Glastonbury sets 15, 000 bins around the site, which are clearly labeled for recy cling stuff and non recycling stuff where in 2012 trash was separated and 49 % of this was recycled. Harmonizing to the Glastonbury web site, In order to dispose of all the waste that is left behind the Festival used to pay ?780,000, nevertheless with the aid of voluntaries and initiatives the sum of money that is saved from waste aggregation is donated to charity. Assorted inducements are being placed in order to acquire the visitant to be cognizant of the environment and cut downing waste and hence cut downing costs. Festivals have set up the cup recycling enterprise where clients are rewarded with 10p ( depending on the event ) for every cup that is returned. Similarly at Christmas markets selling mulled vino and other gay drinks clients pay a little sum excess as sedimentation for their cups, which they will acquire back if the cups are returned. Nevertheless some visitants are non concerned about go forthing litter around and farther instruction should be provided to emphasize the importance of these enterprises. Another publicity by Glastonbury is ‘A collapsible shelter is for life non merely for a festival’ where visitants are encouraged to purchase a collapsible shelter, which they will utilize even after the event and therefore collapsible shelters won’t be left behind. However this is non plenty as there are still visitants who don’t fuss in taking their collapsible shelters and this is why T in the park has The International Relief Trust roll uping quality abandoned collapsible shelters. ‘Tomorrowland’ offers an option to encampment by supplying little lockable suites but harmonizing to wikifestivals.com, some suites can be up to ˆ21,000. These should be offered at a cheaper monetary value in order to promote visitants to utilize them and hence being environmentally sustainable. Organizers should happen better ways at doing their campgrounds more sustainable by supplying more information and educating visi tants on the effects that arise. 3.2 Taxes and Local economic system In mega events such as The Olympic Games and The World Cup it is in the governments’ involvement to be environmentally sustainable when be aftering events as states may be burdened with the wake these events leave on the state. When building immense substructure for such events such as stadia these can go white elephants and locals have to pay more revenue enhancements for their care. Korea-Japan World Cup in 2002 exhausted one million millions of dollars in building and refurbishing of bowl, which are now white elephants and environmental loads. These become besides immense economic loads on locals who are paying excess 1000000s annually in revenue enhancement for their care. A better hazard and environmental appraisal and farther planning should hold resulted in a better rating of future usage of these bowl which is what Russia are be aftering to make for the 2018 games as Alexey Sorokin, the CEO of the Russia 2018 LOC stated ; â€Å"But the success of the World Cup in Russ ia will depend non merely on how good it is organised, but besides on how efficaciously the installations are used after the tournament.†

A great earthquake Essay

The magnitude 8. 8 earthquake that occurred a month ago in Chile, as well as the impending tsunami along the Pacific Rim is the product of a fortuitous event. These are events which cannot be foreseen or which though foreseen are inevitable. The quake struck at 3:34 a. m. in central Chile. The capital Santiago is about 200 miles from the epicenter and Concepcion, Chile’s second-largest metropolitan area, is roughly 70 miles from the quake’s center. A magnitude of 8. 0 or greater is classified as a great earthquake which results to communities being destroyed. The 8. 8 magnitude earthquake in Chile has killed lesser people compared to the 7. 0 magnitude that struck Haiti on January 12 that killed more than 200,000 people. It was 32 times the energy higher and 64 times greater than what took place in Haiti. The difference in the death toll lies in the buildings’ structures and their construction. Unless a building is designed and engineered specifically to withstand an 8. 0 or greater earthquake it’s going to sustain considerable damage. Even buildings that are well built sustain significant damage. Buildings that are poorly built are completely destroyed. Chile, being a more industrialized nation came up with more stringent building codes. By designing a more flexible structure, we can lessen the effect of the disaster. It makes the buildings slide or sway but not crumble to the ground. Engineers who work on earthquake resistant buildings said that current technologies prevent well-designed buildings from cracking when the ground shakes beneath them Natural disasters such as floods, tsunami and earthquakes do occur. There is nothing we can do to prevent it. However, there is something we can do to lessen its impact. Earthquakes alone don’t actually kill people; it is the collapsed structures that do the damage. Disaster preparedness as well as earthquake-proof buildings are the keys to lessen the impact of such disaster.

Sociological Approach to Literature Essay

The study of literature within the discipline of sociology, integrates a concern for meaning and the unique properties inherent in literary texts, reflecting the economics, attitudes, morals and religion of the society that produced the texts.1Each society inter-connected and independent, yet distinct and diverse is influenced by the literature, for there are innumerable instances exemplifying the co-relation of life and literature. The impact of literature is influential on man’s behavior and outlook, moreover, governing the minds of the populace, as proved in the realms of the history, either reinforcing the social system or invalidating it.2From the reserves of the product of a creative and selective process that spanned centuries of historical and religious change, â€Å"Jahili†3 poetry administer the transvaluation of the cultured atmosphere of the Near East and the religious vision of a nascent Muslim doctrine in the pastoral-nomadic societies of the Early Arabs. Projecting the synonymous notion, in the contemporary world, with addition to the eloquent and artistic value, the literature delineates sociological aspects in reality, for instance, the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan cast an increasingly angry eye on the exacerbating situation of his homeland: You people, your foes are not such as to be gentle and merciful. You people, before you is nothing but exile, so get ready.4 Literature has the efficacy to enlighten the intellectual understanding of the human race, transforming history, conjointly demolishing the hurdles obstructing the growth of society hence ‘each society would develop when the literature flourishes from within’,5 with the assistance of effectuating the ideologies and the postulates registered in the expositions. This paper suggests that the quintessential book of ‘Raudat-Hidayat’6, the stacked selection of hundred conclusive ‘ahaadeeth shareefah and akaaleem muneefah’ by His Holiness. Dr. Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS, as being the truest form of literature, reflects the structure and culture of Dawoodi Bohras, meanwhile inculcates the ingenuity for the satisfactory living in this adversary world. The indispensable collaborator, embodying the reflections and descriptions, despite of being sterile from a sociological point at the first sight, genuinely penetrates into the private and discreet sou rces of  individual life. The inferences for the relationship between literature and sociology have been broached and opted for, such as Emile Durkheim rejected the idea that education could be the force to transform society by concluding that education ‘can be reformed only if society itself is reformed’7. The precept of literature being a mirror to the society is ancient; however it is said, the idea of the systematic application appeared as an inception in Madame de Stael’s â€Å"De la litterature consideree dans ses rapports†8, exhibiting a social and historical interpretation of literature of several nations. To further the accessibility of sociological concepts, Lewis Loser proposed to use the literature in the classrooms, in order to deepen the understanding of various social issues. In the neoteric times, Wendy Griswold professed that the â€Å"sociology of literature was a non-field, like an amoeba -lacking firm structure†.9 The ambiance of literature awakens the consciousness of the mankind, generating the idea of utopia, a distinguished world10, established on humanization, which has been suppressed and eliminated, making the wealthiest societies on the Earth uninhabitable11. In the second half of the twentieth century, crime and social disorder began to rise, reckoning to the weakening of human ties, accelerating sharply approaching the decline of trust and confidence. The technological change which brought the â€Å"creative destruction†12 in the metropolis evoked reciprocal catastrophe in the world of social relationships, as registered by the statics of fatherless child, broken trust and deindustrialization. When the perseverance of the universe is close to humiliation, the eminence of this book is irreproachable, affirming the significance of eloquently presented words of wisdom, out of which one hadees, supplementing the cause of humanization, is as follows: â€Å"Do good to the worthy an d the unworthy. If a person is worthy, then he is deserving of that good. If a person is unworthy, then you are one who does good regardless.†13 The message of literature, elucidating the mark of greatest value of human being is humanism, embodied with the intellect which overshadows instinct, to differentiate purified from the contaminated, limiting the access to the beneficial over the hazardous matter. A society build around the technology has covered the grounds of diplomacy, granting in return freedom and equality, which has been claimed and modified, without taking any effect, for inequality of recognition, respect, love, care and  solidarity are found in the recent years14, whereas, this piece of advice deals with the equality on the main scale, which in turn envelopes the social structure with the fabric of love. Thus, the individual attains the best diversion from tension, anxiety, worries and fear for masses towards achieving a sense of relief and freedom, moving forward to the goal of perfection and liberation, which is rightly divulged by the culture of Dawoodi Bohras, as acknowledged by Mathew Arnold15: ‘ Harmonious human perfection can be achieved only by culture, since culture is nothing but the love for the study of perfection in thoughts, words and deeds.’ The aspiration of disembarkation of spiritual satisfaction stem in human efforts in the field of science and technology, literary and religious services, in this manner, it is crucial to reveal such cultural knowledge, to generation after generation. Robert Browning16 visualized the gaining of power by acquiring highest knowledge as the aim of life and with the passage of time realized that the highest goals and ideals shouldn’t be relinquished for earthly desires or trivial things, as failure to achieve perfection is not substantial, which can be spoiled by the efforts of forces, than care and devotion involved for the contrivance of lofty and noble ideals. All of this literary content seems to be imprisoned in the texts, for it is rarely seen that the vision Robert presented is acted upon, the intellectual concepts have been confined to materialism, leaving behind the refinement of spirituality. The theory and practice have the natural affinity to each other, which will be reconciled from the impact of the practitioners, just as His HolinessTUS enlightens the pathway towards good cause by demonstrating His deeds and thoughts. Making theory and methods relevant to real problems of the society and issues would end the tedi um but the question raised is not â€Å"what should we do† but rather â€Å"do we have the will to do it?†17 The dilemma is the courage to carry out the enforced task, however, describing its complex nature, linking the attributes of spirituality along with the dignified body, as W.B. Yeats symbolically expresses the mortal life of man as the broad base of the spiraling cone and the apex representing the spiritual life of man. The clarification of concepts in order to make efforts for the cleansing of the souls, is magnified in the literature represented by His Holiness TUS, like it can be seen in this advice that the doer is sprinkled with the peace and  satisfaction by the revelation of him being towards the positive way, in all the aspects of life, as proclaimed by Syedi Yusuf Bhaisaheb NajmuddinRA in the eloquence of the literature of Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA : â€Å"He served by his noble self in detecting the meanings of eternal kind, and in between those meanings, were factual explanations and eternal concealments, glorifying the aspects of life and the exposures of the universe, with the eternal benefits, explaining all the themes which will emerge continually, appointing its principle and its assets.†18 The idiosyncrasy of Fatemi literature in the combination of this world and here-after, the utter projection of the truth, surmounts the relation between literature and sociology, and grant s the reader this perspective: â€Å"Everything that was bestowed on him, led him to a clear straight path, the view became distinctive, collecting the thoughts in its scope†19 Thus it has been collected that the literature shows the correct path of light, illuminating the human’s mind and soul in the process, which makes him tackle the hardships of life, and evolve personal satisfaction, augmenting the desired perfection, proven by the literary statistics of the Dawoodi Bohra’s society, piously devoted to the welfare of the humanity, and abiding by the laws of humanization, in the guidance of their spiritual father, emanating the theories into practice. The prayers of the Mumineen sect are always for their Moula, before the Almighty to bestow him with a long life, and his descendant till the Day of Judgment. Ameen.

Native American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Native American Indian - Essay Example The American policy towards the Native American Indians were continually evolving and changing. After the United States-British war, the United States treated the Native American Indians who allied with the British as a conquered people who had lost their land. However, the Americans find the policy very difficult to impose. In a short period, the United States abandoned the policy (Native Americans). In the decades following the American Revolution, the desire for more land by the rapidly increasing population of the United States resulted in numerous treaties in which lands were purchased from Native Americans (Indian Removal). Eventually, the U.S. government began encouraging Indian tribes to sell their land by offering them land in the West, outside the boundaries of the then-existing U.S. states, where the tribes could resettle (Indian Removal). This new policy was commonly known as the Indian Removal policy. The main goal of the Indian Removal policy was to relocate Native American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river (Indian Removal). This process involve in the Indian Removal policy was accelerated with the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 (The U.S. ... Consequently, conflicts generally known as "Indian Wars" broke out between U.S. forces and many different Native American Indian tribes (Native Americans). The United States and the Native American Indians made plenty of treaties during this period, but later abandoned them for several reasons. Well-known military engagements include the typical Native American Indian victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, and the massacre of Native American Indians at Wounded Knee in 1890 (Native Americans). Contrary to some modern misconceptions, the Removal Act did not order the forced removal of any Native Americans, nor did President Jackson ever publicly advocate forced removal. The Indian Removal policy was supposed to be voluntary, and many Native American Indians did indeed remain in the East. In practice, however, the Jackson administration put great pressure on tribal leaders to sign removal treaties (Indian Removal). This pressure created bitter divisions within the Native American Indian nations, as different tribal leaders advocated different responses to the question of removal. Sometimes, U.S. government officials ignored tribal leaders who resisted signing removal treaties and dealt with those who favored removal (Indian Removal).However, the American policy toward Native American Indians has been an evolving process. In the late nineteenth century, reformers in efforts to "civilize" Indians adapted the practice of educating native children in Indian Boarding Schools run by Christians (qtd. from Native Americans). However, most Native American Indian children were traumatized by the methods of teaching. Children were forbidden from

Learning Journal on Motivating Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Journal on Motivating Others - Essay Example This might be done through proper training to ensure that the individual has the required skills. The concept of motivation simply entails enhancing the desire and commitment to responsibilities as far as work is concerned in order to boost performance. In order to increase an individual’s performance through motivation, there is need to ensure that the individual gains proper understanding of performance expectations for the specific work. After making the person understand the performance expectations of the work, it is also important to ensure that the person feels that the expectations can be achieved. This can be done by first eliminating the existing personal and organizational obstacles to performance and making the person feel like he or she has the capability to achieve the expectations. There is also need to use appropriate rewards and discipline in order to encourage exceptional performance and extinguish unacceptable behavior. On identifying the specific inappropriate behavior, it is important to explain the reason why the behavior is considered as inappropriate and clearly indicate that the behavior should be stopped. Elaborate the impact of this kind of behavior on the performance of the individual and others i n terms of how it may hinder the achievement of the set performance expectations. By doing all the above, it will be a sure way of making the individual understand that high performance is more rewarding than average or low performance. In order to gain much from effective administration of the reward and discipline aspect, it is necessary to make the subordinate feel that the rewards gained from being a high performer are worth the effort. This means that the rewards are supposed to be substantial enough to increase the person’s urge to meet expectations so as to gain the rewards. This is also supposed to be done equitably so that the subordinates will not feel that there is any form of favoritism in one’s administration of

Violence against women in horror films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violence against women in horror films - Essay Example The story of the group of young men who go to the picnic and accidentally find the abandoned place, called Wolf Creek, and trying to escape the place in their broken car, ask a driver, whom they meet, to take them to the place where they can fix their car and come back home. The man does not take them to the necessary place, and waking up in the morning, one of the girls finds herself tied with the rope, while the other one is tortured by the unknown man. The scenes of cruelty towards the girl are terrible, but yet it appears that they attract people's attention - the statement that the movie is based on the real events becomes the additional diver for those who unconsciously like to watch the scenes of violence; but the question here is not simply violence, but violence against women, and Wolf Creek becomes one of the numerous movies, in which a woman is subjected to various sophisticated tortures, finally bringing pleasure to those who watch it. The plot is simple, and watching it the thought occurs, that in order to show violence against women on the screen, there is no real need in plot, - violence scenes are enough to make the movie popular and financially profitable. The film describes the group of friends which goes out to the picnic (haven't you noticed anything similar with the film described above), next to the abandoned farm house. The house is inhabited by a Leatherface maniac, who cuts people with his chainsaw into pieces as soon as they enter the house. Sally, the main character, manages to escape, but the second half of the movie she is constantly followed and threatened by the Leatherface - despite her successful escape she appears in the hands of the Leatherface family members, who torture her in different ways. Simultaneously, her girl-friend Pam, with whom they had been on picnic, dies through a terrible death, being cackled into her head to death by a hen. Violence against women It is interesting to note, that most violence in the horror movies appears to be against women. We often don't notice this fact, but the violence against men is often concealed, while the facts of violence against women are intentionally shown, being depicted in details and very brightly. Thus, in Chainsaw Massacre the deaths of Sally's male friends are not really bright, and are mostly displayed in darkness, without any bright details, and movements which might pay special attention to the screen, while the death of Pam (terrible, I should say) and the tortures, through which Sally has to go, take the bigger portion of the movie. In Wolf Creek, we don't really witness the male going through any kind of tortures, while the girls are depicted in their wildest cries and sufferings. What is the core motives and essential drivers of such high popularity for these movies I might assume, and this will probably be right, that of course, sexual inequality is the most significant hidden moti ve of such movies. From the psychological point of view, and as Clover (1992) puts it, a man was always striving for protecting a woman from other men. This is the move and motive, which often allows a man to sexually possess a woman; simultaneously, the violence which a man displays against a woman, becomes another proof of his power and makes a woman not superior, but inferior (the equality in positions is rejected as well). The violence, which the man in

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Microeconomics - Essay Example Obviously, from the economic point of view, the higher the quantity and then the higher the price associated with each, the higher the revenue. This makes sense, because increasing the pricing for the linked quantity can remarkably improve revenue growth. On the other hand, this is not the usual case in the real world. There is also a case by which the revenue will fall, after increasing the price. If on the other hand, the students are not willing to pay for an increase tuition fee at NSU, they may also consider the possibility of going to an alternative University with at least lower or affordable tuition fees. This means that increasing the tuition at NSU will definitely decrease the number of enrolees in the semester. This leads to the possibility of lower revenue even if the tuition is set a bit higher this time. If the number of enrolees significantly dropped down until to the point that the revenue is highly affected, then increasing the tuition is not going to be a good idea. The revenue will remain the same, provided that there are students who still enrol at the NSU, and others considering the other universities. If at some point, the number of students who enrolled at NSU will be at least lower from the previous, but when the amount of tuition increase will still compensate the amount of revenue at the past, then this is the case that the NSU will most likely to have the same revenue, but then the number of students must have been significantly reduced at some point. If students are still enrolling at NSU despite higher tuition, the university must have significant assets that the students cannot just simply eliminate. The university might have sound and standard quality of education or excellent service performance that the students will now be hesitant to change their university. In other words, they cannot find substitute that might be as excellent as

Fire Service Leadership-405 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fire Service Leadership-405 - Essay Example Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was born on 09/08/1828 in Brewer, Maine. Chamberlain was an excellent student and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1852. He went on to study at the Bangor Theological Seminary after graduation. He got married to Fannie Adams, and accepted a teaching position at Bowdoin College in 1855. The couple had five children. He was a believer of the strength of the American form of government, which was threatened by secession of the south in 1861. He left his position to volunteer his services to the State in 1862. Despite his lack of military experience, his education landed him the rank of lieutenant colonel for the 20th Marine Infantry Regiment. The regiment was assigned to Butterfield’s â€Å"Light Brigade† of the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. The Maryland campaign of the fall of 1862 was his first battle experience. During the battle of Antietam on 19/17/1962 the 20th Maine Infantry was held in reserve. The 20th Maine was put in the forefron t of the battle in Fredericksburg, Virginia on 12/12/1862. He had been promoted to Colonel by the summer of 1863. The charge of the 20th Maine Infantry under his leadership contributed largely to the Union victory at Round Top. He led his brigade at the battles of Wilderness, Spotsylvannia Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbour in 1864. He returned in 1865 after miraculously recovering from an injury as brigadier general to lead his troops at the Battle of Five Forks. After the battle, he was placed in command of the First Division of the Fifth Corps. He rode at the head of his troops in the Grand Review of the Army of Washington. He was elected governor of Maine in 1866. He accepted the position of president at Bowdoin College in 1871, and he restructured the college to include science and engineering curriculum. He resigned from his position in 1883 due to ill health, and remained active in veteran circles. He was honoured with the Congressional Medal of Honor for

Criminal Justice, What are the affects of victimization on victims and Research Paper

Criminal Justice, What are the affects of victimization on victims and their families - Research Paper Example This is because they and their families experience long lasting physical, emotional and psychological damage after being treated unjustly. Victims sometimes get to suffer from the effects of victimization for the rest of their lives, the greatest effect being psychological in nature according to Hess and Orthmann (28). The effects of victimization can be felt short term or long term. Whatever the duration that it takes, the negative effects of victimization are often difficult to mitigate according to Lerner and Montada (25). Victimized people get confused, frustrated, fearful and angry, at worst going through trauma. They forever want answers as to why they experienced whatever happened and why it happened to them. Despite the victims having knowledge of who did that to them and where to go to get help and justice, they always fear and feel insecure. This is because they may not know who to trust and rely on for help and support. Victimized persons and their families suffer a lot physically, psychologically, emotionally and financially (Lerner and Montada 32). Furthermore, they are sometimes over burdened by the complexity of the criminal justice system. People who are victimized many times find it very difficult to believe and accept that they have become victims of crime and that there is nothing they can do about it. Initially, they make themselves believe that the crime occurred in their dreams and not in reality hence they live in great denial. These reactions may last for some months or even years depending on how traumatized a victim is according to Lerner and Montada (54). It is common for victims to act like children and get taken care of by other people surrounding them. Victims get emotions like anger, guilt, grief, shame, confusion, frustration and fear. Some victims get angry with their offenders, family members, friends, service providers, the criminal justice system and even themselves. Victims have a strong desire to get even and bring

The Raised In A Single Parent Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Raised In A Single Parent Home - Essay Example My father died when I was six years old. That was the tragic start of my life, but my mother promised us that she would not let us live a life of misery. My five siblings and I never knew that mom was so strong. We had always seen her working according to father’s orders and instructions. To us, the father was the all-in-all of our family. But when he passed away, my mother took our father’s role. She promised us that she would do anything to give us a comfortable and facilitated life. She was ready to accept the new challenges and responsibilities with a smiling face. All of us knew how grieved she was a father’s death. For some time, she was all lost and did not know what to do and where to start her life once again. But, we were happy and amazed to see her positive attitude, with which she recollected the shattered pieces of her heart, and led the life of a strong woman. Mom encouraged us to continue our education. She always motivated us to put extra efforts in our academics, because she wanted to see us succeed in our lives. Mom started working in an office and started earning. At first, the earning was little, and we had to compromise over a lot of things as the family was big. But she kept her determination and kept on working. According to her, it was good to keep going slowly than to lose hope. â€Å"Slow but steady wins the race†, she would say. And she won. She got promotion after a year, and her salary doubled. Now, she was able to give us all the comforts of life. My siblings and I were able to continue our education, and we always brought good grades. The spark of happiness in mom’s eyes, when she would see our report cards, was the biggest gift she could ever give us.  Mom’s positive attitude transferred from her onto her children. I am proud to say that my siblings and I are full of determination and hope. We neve r lose hope when we see bad days.

US Education system Essay Example for Free

US Education system Essay The spectrum of education which ranges on the world scene is highly progressive, dynamic and competitive. Education system of a particular country not only influences the way the basics are taught, but it highly affects the thinking, assimilating and the expression of the particular group. It is greatly affected by the thinking and expectations of the existing form of government, the decision makers and the geographic region. The historical background also plays a key role in the evolution of this dynamic process. It stimulates growth and evolution of the person as well as the country. The destiny of a country is very clearly guided and linked by the kind of educational measures it has taken a decade ago. The education system of USA is very open and creative, it allows for mental stimulation, open thinking, research and analysis, but in the last decade or two it has become weak in the area of science and mathematics. The balance of the creativity and skills of observation and analysis are both essential for well rounded educational system. In current times, especially under the regime of Mr. Bush, emphasis has been to restructure the educational system to stimulate more science and mathematics in the curriculum, from early elementary years of basic education. Back to basics has been the key slogan for new education system based on strengthening the science, mathematics and creativity, making the full complete circle. The realization has been made to strengthen the weaknesses, by comparing and contrasting with the systems of Asia and Europe, with special emphasis on Japan, Germany and Europe. â€Å"America has reading literacy rate at 98% of population over age 15, but ranks below average in science and mathematics understanding. The poor performance has pushed public and private efforts such as the No Child Left Behind Act. In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in continuing education is high. As No Child Left Behind Act focuses on reading and math as primary target for improvement, other instructional areas have not benefited. There is much discussion within educational circles about the impact of singularly focusing on reading and math as tested areas for improvement and its impact on other areas of learning† (â€Å"Education in the United States†). The cost of education is another factor which affects the education system. The United States Department of Education recently released a statement detailing the average cost per pupil in public school as $3,500 USD per pupil, whereas average private school cost per pupil was $7,200 USD. In contrast , the private schools in Asia average around $1,400 USD per year and in Germany it is $4,500. The cost of education determines the availability of educational opportunities to minorities within the society, which shapes the overall characteristics of the nation on the whole (â€Å"Education in the United States†). â€Å"The family, as well as peers and school, plays a crucial role in forming students attitudes toward schooling and academics. In the case of Japan, research has documented that studying and homework are central concerns of Japanese families (Stevenson and Stigler, 1992; Lewis, 1995)† (The Role of School†). The school curriculum focuses directly or indirectly in teaching correct attitudes, moral values and to developing character. They aim at creating students who are literate as well as attuned to the basic values of culture and society. Teachers are highly honored and have high social status. Teaching duties extend to the moral instruction and character development of the children. â€Å"During the tests, students are up really late. They study all night. Virtually all are up to midnight. They dont sleep before then. When that goes on, I wish they would use their time better†. It is a more rigorous system based on core values of the society (â€Å"Education in Japan†). Germany offers dual system of education, with its strong emphasis on apprenticeships. The German education system provides different paths for students based on individual ability (â€Å"Education in Germany†). Children enter Grundschule at age 6, and students of all levels of ability remain together as a group through the fourth grade of Grundschule (sixth grade in two states). Following Grundschule, when most students are around 10 years old, the German school system tracks students of differing abilities and interests into different school forms. The support for this system of education remains strong among teachers, students, and parents of differing educational and social class background (An Overview of the German System). For much of its history, education in the United States was segregated (or even only available) based upon race. For the most part, African Americans received very little to no education before the Civil War. In the south where slavery was legal, many states enacted laws which made it a crime for blacks to even be able to read, much less attend school alongside white classmates. After the Civil War and emancipation, blacks still received little help from the states themselves. The federal government, under the Radical Republicans, set up the Freedman’s Bureau to help educate and protect former slaves (â€Å"Education in the United States†). Regardless of history, politics and government, schools need to nurture and build on the cultural norms that contribute to growth. â€Å"Strong schools have strong cultures evidenced by their heroes and heroines, rituals and ceremonies, and shared beliefs and values† (Deal). Education is this whole experience of growth and nurturance.America needs to grow more in its culture, values and inspiration. Works Cited: Education in the United States. Wikipedia. 20 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States. Education in Japan. Wikipedia. 15 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Japan. Education in Germany. Wikipedia. 18 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Germany. The Role of School in Japanese Adolescents Lives: Family Influences on Adolescent Development and School Participation. Archived Information. 1998. The Educational System in Japan: Case Study Findings. 20 Feb 2007. http://www. ed. gov/pubs/JapanCaseStudy/chapter4c. html. An Overview of the German System. Archived Information. 1998. The Educational System in Germany: Case Study Findings. 20 Feb 2007. http://www. ed. gov/pubs/GermanCaseStudy/chapter1a. html. Deal, Terrence E. , and Allan A. Kennedy. Culture and School Performance. Effective Schools and School Improvement Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Alexandria, Virginia, 1989: 140-41.

Knowing Minds Is A Matter Of Authority Essay Example for Free

Knowing Minds Is A Matter Of Authority Essay The idea or the concept that I wanted to discuss which I find most interesting is the poem â€Å"What a Wonderful World† by Louis Armstrong. I find it interesting because of the details on how he described things around him. He mentioned seeing trees of green and red roses and he can even see them bloom. How the tress feed the birds and how the birds scatter the seeds, how the flower provides foods for butterflies and how the butterflies transfer the pollen, they help each other to survive. Armstrong uses variety of phrases to describe the beauty of nature. His words persuaded me so much that after hearing the song, I myself also find the world so perfect, so beautiful, and so magical. The concept or idea that I found to be problematic is Antonio Damasios studies about Spinoza. He discuss in details the human mind and behavior, stressing on emotion and feelings, decision-making, recollection, communication, and imagination. It was a good stuff and he was indeed very good when he discuss things in his books, however I consider it to be problematic because it didn’t answer all the questions being asked. I find his idea about equating the human nature’s equal to bad condescending and biased. I believe that each human being is naturedly good and if given a chance to do good will do right. We have one thing in common we are all human being . And it is already innate of us to be humane. We were created in God’s image and being the reflection of our good Maker man in his truest sense is good. The book entitled â€Å"Mind Into Matter†, by physicist Fred Alan Wolf, resonates the â€Å"Knowing Minds Is A Matter Of Authority† by Rupert Stasch. They both support an idea about the importance of the mind and how it controls everything in the human body. They support each other ideas about the mind, the human will, and how it affects one’s behavior toward something.

Analysis of Starbucks and the coffee industry

Analysis of Starbucks and the coffee industry Starbucks is the worlds largest and most popular coffee company. Since the beginning, this premier cafà © aimed to deliver the worlds finest fresh-roasted coffee (Starbucks Heritage, 2010). Today the company dominates the industry and has created a brand that is tantamount with loyalty, integrity and proven longevity. Starbucks is not just a name, but a culture. Extensive research has provided keen insight as to why the entity has become the multibillion dollar empire that it is. The company has received many high accolades also, for their quality products as well as their commitment to the community, their partners, and the environment. BACKGROUND Starbucks was founded in 1971 by teachers Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl, along with writer Gordon Bowker. Coffee first originated in the Moslem population before making its way to Europe in the 1600s. It eventually became the beverage of choice at meeting places where intellectuals would converge, and was recognized for both its sociability and taste then, just as it is now. (Starbucks and the lifecycle of specialty coffee: An industry evolving, 2010). The foundation of this commerce is one Starbucks strives to keep although the business has come a long way from the modest storefront it began as. For over 15 years the company was based solely in Seattle, Washington but has since evolved into an international giant with over 16,000 locations in more than 50 countries. The growth of the company has been simply phenomenal, with approximately 1,000 stores being added to its chain each year for the last decade. Howard Schultz, who is now the current chairman, president and CEO of the compan y, was indispensible to this expansion and has been instrumental in establishing the development of the coffeehouse as we know it today (Starbucks Timeline and Heritage, 2010). One of the most critical components a business should have is a vision and mission statement. According to an online article, these pieces of information are defined as the inspiring words chosen by successful leaders to clearly and concisely convey the direction of the organization (Unleashing the Power of Purpose, 2010). Starbucks has adopted a mission statement that aims to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time (Starbucks Mission Statement, 2010). Further, there are six governing principles the company adheres to in an effort to fulfill their purpose and intentions. They are: To provide quality coffee. To treat partners with respect and dignity and to embrace diversity. To create a relationship that is satisfying and uplifting for customers. To produce a store ambiance that is comfortable and enjoyable. To nurture, protect and invest in the community. To provide accountability and favorable rewards to shareholders. The application of these values has helped Starbucks launch to its current status as being one of the best 100 places to work, according to Forbes magazine, with an astonishing 140,000 employees. Outside of the local neighborhood, Starbucks can be found in airports, malls, supermarkets, and even bookstores all around the globe. Like most other companies, Starbucks relies heavily on its investors to help fund business operations, generally through the stock market, and can be found on NASDAQ under the symbol SBUX. Until 2008, profitability was on the rise but has since decreased due to downfalls in the economy and impeding competitors such as Dunkin Donuts, BIGGBY, and Caribou Coffee. Cost reductions and improved operating efficiencies alone would not be enough to boost sales in this economy. Improved customer service and the ability to aggressively differentiate and innovate have kept Starbucks ahead of their competition. Starbucks saw customer satisfaction scores increase by 10 percent as a result of their efforts to improve customer service. Some changes include more focus toward in-store offerings, simplifying the demands on the partners, raising the already-high standards for beverage and food offerings, and an overall in-store experience (Starbucks Investor Relations, 2010). Despite tough economic times, the company had an impressive finish in 2009 with approximately 21,600 shareholders, $562 billion in operating income, and net revenues totaling $9.8 billion. As of October 8, 2010, the current stock price was $26.07 a share with a 52 week high of $28.50 and a low of $18.69 (Market Watch). Starbucks is expected to continually recover from their losses and is estimated to grow even more over the next few years as illustrated below (Bloomberg Business Week, 2010). Quarterly Earnings Estimates STARBUCKS CORP (SBUX) EPS Earnings Per Share Pre Exceptional Q1 2011 Starbucks Corp. reported 3rd quarter 2010 earnings of $0.29 per share on 07/21/2010. Quarterly Revenues STARBUCKS CORP (SBUX) Q1 2011 Starbucks Corp. had 3rd quarter 2010 revenues of $2.6B. This bettered the $2.5B consensus of the 16 analysts covering the company. This was 3.0% above the prior years 3rd quarter results. Reproduced from Bloomberg Business Week. One of the reasons Starbucks is dominating the coffee industry is due to their willingness to take risks and try out new ideas. An example of just how popular Starbucks has become is evident after a quick Google search produced well over 5 million hits, with products ranging from the handcrafted beverages many have grown to love, to merchandise and gift cards. The company continues to offer new products, such as whole grains and the use of other wholesome ingredients in their brands. They have also changed portions of their food offerings to simplify recipes and remove artificial trans-fat, high-fructose corn syrup, artificial flavors and dyes (Starbucks Nutrition, 2010). In-store products include fresh food, music, and the very popular Tazo Tea which is a label purchased by Starbucks in 1998. Starbucks has also increased its trademark and now promotes ice cream, ready-made mixed drinks, and VIA, an instant coffee that is manufactured through the companys own roasting facility (Starb ucks Profile, 2010). ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE After conducting eight interviews, there was a general consensus that the Starbucks hierarchy ranged from immediate supervisors to higher management officials. Some employees interpreted organizational structure to be a form of the way management divides duties and responsibilities amongst employees, while others considered it to be teamwork, meaning, when everyone comes together to meet the same goals; the unique way business is conducted; and the flow/channels of the company and management impact. These definitions go hand-in-hand with organizational culture. In the book Organizational Behavior, authors describe such a climate as the shared knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, and values that shape the attitudes and behaviors of its employees (Colquitt, Lepine, Wesson, p. 557). Some of the components involved in the culture of an organization are observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions (Colquitt, et al., p. 558). Together these three elements makeup what can be related to as being the body of an organization. For example, what a person sees through images and logos helps to distinguish one brand from another. Further, the physical setup of an establishment often sets the atmosphere or tone which tends to decipher a company from being an office, department store, mechanics shop, or in the case of this study, a coffeehouse. Some Starbucks are more casual such as in medical establishment or movie theater, whereas other places require a little more sophistication such as in a courthouse. Additionally there are usually bulletins, replicas or other signs on the walls of the business that speaks the unique language of the respective location. There might also be organizational charts displayed, which is a drawing that represents eve ry job in the organization and the formal reporting relationships between those jobs (Colquitt, et al., p. 527). When a person walks into a Starbucks it is clear that you have just entered into a cafà © that is designed to be a tranquil meeting place for family, friends, students or even business partners. LEADERSHIP ROLES RESPONSIBILITIES At Starbucks, employees feel the atmosphere is relaxed, upbeat and/or energetic and most thought working together as a group was encouraged. They also appear to have a clear understanding of leadership and what it entails, although not everyone agreed management styles were the best. Several interviewees thought management appeared arrogant and demanding at times, while others thought the complete opposite of their managers defining them as being friendly, caring and considerate. While most interviews had distinct and varying responses, it can be said that every person believed they were valued and appreciated. Many also felt they were a part of the decision-making process at times, where their thoughts and opinions on a particular issue were gathered, although the final decision still lay with management. One type of occurrence that displays this level of commitment to employees was the implementation of Optimal Scheduling which is the result of an employee request. The initiative of the program was to enhance the existing flexible work schedules to allow opportunities for a more regular arrangement, complete with a consistent timetable and increased hours to those who were available. It also allowed customers the opportunity to develop relationships with staff which is a part of the Starbucks vision, to connect with its customers beyond making a perfectly blended drink (Starbucks Newsroom). STRESS FACTORS COPING MECHANISMS An overall satisfaction with ones current position was the general consensus obtained from the dialogue as well. Most considered their rate of pay to be less than desired and unable to meet long term goals. A lot of the discussions were with college students who favored upward mobility whether through Starbucks or elsewhere. Aside from pay, stress seemed to be high on the list of reasons for being dissatisfied also. Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes and that tax or exceed a persons capacity or resource. Such demands are referred to as stressors while the negative consequences are considered the strains (Colquitt, et al., p. 144). Most of the stressors at Starbucks was caused by issues with partners, budgets, or performance. Role overload was another factor that seemed to affect many of the managers interviewed due to pressure to get daily tasks done in a timely manner, such as paperwork and conference calls. There were also a lot of unforeseen assignments like equipment malfunctions and call-ins. While some stress is an everyday part of life, excessive stress interferes with ones productivity and reduces a persons physical and emotional health; therefore, it is vitally important to find ways to help keep it under control. Some steps to help reduce stress and avoid pitfalls while at work include taking responsibility for improving your physiological and psychological well-being, identifying negative attitudes that add to the stress at work, and learning better communication skills to ease and improve the relationships with management and coworkers (Stress at Work, n.a.). ORGANIZATIONAL STRENGTHS Customer Loyalty Service Customer service at Starbucks is actually a culture type focused on service and quality (Colquitt, et al., p. 562). In addition to the vast presence in the United States, the company has 9,000 international coffeehouses in almost 40 countries. It seems that no matter where they serve, their reputation for fine products and services remains intact, as well as their brand preference and strong customer base. By extensively training employees for at least twenty hours prior to full employment, Starbucks maximizes employee responsibility and attentiveness in an effort to decrease wait time for its customers. Furthermore, by closely tracking consumer needs and wants, Starbucks is able to introduce more popular products with less time between presenting new items. By decreasing wait time and increasing choices for customers, Starbucks increases loyalty among current regulars while simultaneously attracting more consumers. Another cornerstone for Starbucks success is the opening of additional stores in various communities. By adding more locations, the frequency of visits by supporters is usually also maximized, especially since the Starbucks label is already so popular. In addition, many of these new stores are being developed with a drive-thru for double the convenience. With this, Starbucks is targeting a particular segment of its customer base that is comprised of professionals and on-the-go parents. To measure the effectiveness of these strategies, Starbucks continuously compares data between newly opened stores and existing stores, trying to increase the profitability of both units while maintaining a steady growth rate. This pattern can be outlined by the Service Culture Process which starts out with service-oriented leadership behavior that impacts both customer and employee attitudes. If favorable, sales would likely increase as a result of high performance (Colquitt, et al., pp. 562-564). Employee Retention Job Satisfaction As the old saying goes, you are as strong as your weakest link. This belief seems to be highly recognized by Starbucks as they remain adamant about investing in their staff providing them with training, benefit packages, and other opportunities to advance. Since most of the advertising stems from inter-relation between staff and consumers, Starbucks is able to expend more of their budget on educating their staff which in turn influences both quality and quantity. Such a plan also strengthens the work environment, creating an atmosphere where workers are confident about their knowledge, skills and abilities regarding the products they serve. It is also a reason why their employees continue to feel valued and appreciated which is one of the two top reasons people work for the company. The other reason is that employees feel the teams at Starbucks are very enthusiastic (Hammers, 2003), and a happy employee typically makes a happy customer. Another explanation as to why Starbucks employees remain with the company is their great compensation and competitive benefits packages which are available to both full-time and part-time workers. In fact, the corporate staff is very forward thinking and believes offering healthcare benefits would attract a higher quality of employees which, consequently, would cause the turnover rate to decrease. Time has proven this strategy to be true. For example, at the time of inception, the turnover rate for retail or fast food ranged between 150% and up to as high as 400% a year but for Starbucks it was only 60% at the barista level and 25% at the managerial level which is the lowest in their industry (Schultz, p. 128). Starbucks employees also benefit from the Bean Stock incentive which is the offering of stock ownership to all workers. It is a really good way to get employees involved in the equity of the business, and even more reason for each individual to strive for success and treat cus tomers with exceptional service (Colquitt et al., p. 135). Strong Financial Foundation With its strong financial base, Starbucks is able to undertake new business ventures much more frequently than other companies. This is largely due to its investors who have been able to buy company shares since 1992. At the time, shares were $17 each, today the rate of exchange has increased by more than half which is a great benefit to shareholders. Stock can be purchased through a broker or via a direct buy. Additionally, over 20 analysts cover Starbucks earnings and an estimated 10,000 shareholders attended the companys annual meeting in 2008 (Investor Relations, 2010). Today, the company has well over 20,000 shareholders with little signs of slowing down. The company is also very committed to corporate social responsibility, to include their economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society (Colquitt, et al., p.244, p. 524). They were the only restaurant and cafà © named as being one of the most ethical companies in the world (Ethisphere, n.a.), and has been on the list for many years. There are governing principles and charters specifically designed for these efforts which are to be strictly upheld by a team of 11 members that makeup the board of directors (Starbucks Corporate Governance, 2010). ORGANIZATIONAL WEAKNESSES Store Closures The mission to nurture one neighborhood at a time started to dwindle when over 600 Starbucks stores closed, causing the company to lose revenue and layoff thousands of workers. Undoubtedly, employee morale is not as high as it once was due to the fear of losing ones job. It has been said that The economic crisis is eating in to high-end coffee consumption, as Starbucks found out in its fiscal first quarter (Ahrens, 2009). At the time, reports revealed the coffeemaker would lay off up to 6,000 employees at its stores and let go another 700 non-store employees, half of which would come at the companys Seattle headquarters. First-quarter revenue at the coffee giant was also down 6 percent and earnings were down a venting-sized 69 percent. Additionally, the plan to open 140 new stores in the U.S. and 170 new stores internationally went down from its earlier goal of 200 and 270, respectively. Capital expenditures were expected to face at least a $100 million cut (Ahrens, 2009). Fierce Competition Since the economic downfall, customers are moving away from paying gourmet prices and are purchasing from other chains to include gas stations. Many consumers state they experience the same taste they crave without the steep prices. Starbucks competitors in the coffee beverage sales include Dunkin Donuts, BIGGBY Coffee and Caribou Coffee, as mentioned previously, as well as 7-Eleven, McDonalds, Panera Bread, and Einstein Bagels. Competitors such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts not only have extensive menus, but also the financial resources and position to leverage their strengths to threaten Starbucks profitability. In terms of perception, 7-Eleven and Dunkin Donuts provide coffee in a no-nonsense fashion, which attracts customers who are extremely price sensitive. Caribou Coffees environment is similar to that of Starbucks because of furniture, free internet, and cozy surroundings, but their lack of market expansion has prohibited them from gaining the notoriety Starbucks has achieve d. Finally, BIGGBY Coffee is in the middle ground where the likes of Dunkin Donuts and Caribou Coffee separate themselves (Bhaskar, 2009). Lack of Advertising In times past, Starbucks did very little advertising but relied on the infamous word-of-mouth approach to getting news out about their company. Most information came through the use of relation theory, mainly the relationship with staff. For example, no matter which market it entered, Starbucks did not advertise. Instead, broadcasts came via the reports of employees, and consumers quickly followed suit. Ads can now be seen on billboards and through social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, allegedly due to the drop in sales the coffeehouse experienced (Advertising Age, 2010). Financial Uncertainty As mentioned in the interviews, a lot of employees felt their salary was less than desired. At this time, there may not be much that can be done in this area, but the issue is still a factor nonetheless. The average barista salary is $8.64 per hour and shift supervisors earn about $10.68 per hour. The average salary for store managers is $42,698 per year (Starbucks Salaries, 2010). IMPLEMENTION PLAN RECOMMENDED CHANGES Starbucks is an organization that is on the move. However, no organization is exempt from implementing critical changes that can impact the growth of the organization. When organizations become as large as Starbucks, sometimes the focus and mission statement can be pushed to the side due to trying to keep up with the demand. Other times, there are situations beyond ones control, such as the financial woes the company experienced at the start of the recession a few years ago. One of the things Starbucks did to help revamp the business was create a website that encouraged public comments about changes they would like to see in the company. The page is located at www.MyStarbucksIdea.com and has been instrumental to developing innovative differences at the company. For the purposes of this assignment, other avenues the company may utilize are suggested below. More Programs In an effort to build upon an already exciting environment, Starbucks can liven the atmosphere even more with offering Band Performances and Poetry reading nights. This would be a bonus for the company since a lot of its competitors do not have such a setting available to them. They could utilize local musicians which would add to the companys desire to invest in the community. In addition, the implementation of Awareness Month is an option where a special drink is developed each month and every time someone orders the beverage, proceeds go to awareness charities such as a breast cancer, diabetes, or sickle cell foundation. In an effort to boost sales and promote the existing Going Green Goals of the company, daily discounts could be provided to customers who bring in their own coffee mug. The initiation of these options would give Starbucks an edge on their competitors without decreasing the product eminence Starbucks is known for. More Advertising Instead of relying on partners to do most of the advertising for the company, perhaps its time for Starbucks to spend more dollars in this arena to inform the public of their good will, as well as the great programs that are available to them. The business is very committed to the environment, and recognizes both the economic and societal need to invest in products that can bring about changes to the ecosystem. Starbucks strives to lead this effort and aims to produce cups that are purely ecological by 2015 in addition to conserving water and energy use, building greener stores, and making recycling a mandatory part of daily transactions. Other specialized efforts include RED which helps to fund medical supplies needed for HIV patients in Africa; Starbucks Foundation, a literacy program in the US and Canada; and Ethos Water created to fund clean water in countries that are less fortunate (Starbucks Shared Planet, 2010). Training Incentives An implementation plan should not be limited to the products that make up the coffee franchise conversely; the coffee franchise must ponder on innovate ways to keep up employee morale too. For example, there was an incident with an employee who felt lack of routine training created a very tense situation when a drink that should have only taken five minutes to make took 20 minutes. It was stated If you dont use it, you will lose it, and that is exactly what happened when the need to make a drink on a machine that hadnt been used in six months arose. Perhaps things would not have taken as long if other teammates were available, but several of them called in sick, leaving the interviewee to fend for himself. This is a classic example of role ambiguity and also the result of time pressure, a work challenge stressor that occurs when there is a sense that the moments available is not enough to perform the task at hand (Colquitt, et al., p. 146). Some of the ways Starbucks can alleviate this type of event from occurring again is by offering more training sessions at each store weekly, bi-weekly, or at least monthly, so that ones thoughts on how to make beverages are kept fresh. Additionally, the development of incentive programs where employees are rewarded for their ability to make drinks faster than their co-workers; their ability to master items found on the menu; and/or their ability to decrease customer wait time may prove to be beneficial. Rewards would include cash and gift-cards outside the Starbucks chain such as for the movie theater or gas station. More Management Accountability When the CEOs of Chrysler, Ford, and GM flew private jets to plead their case for more taxpayer dollars, the public was livid! Since then the executives have agreed to give up this luxury as well as take pay cuts to help balance the needs of their company (Big Three CEOs, 2008). In response to the financial distress of some of its employees, Starbucks can help fund some of the salaries of those at risk of losing their jobs by following such a plan, which may even keep more stores open. The company could even play around with the idea of offering lower stock prices to boost shareholder interests even more. It was also mentioned that managers get bonuses, so one thing Starbucks could is restructure the bonus program for top managers, at least until profits are steady, and to only award them based on how well the store is performing. Such a plan would work in reverse order too, if a store is not functioning properly, the bonus should be lowered or unavailable all together. By basing bon uses on this strategy, it might encourage the manager to devote their attention on increasing sales by being involved on the floor more, and assimilating with customers versus just doing office work. SUMMARY CONCLUSION Starbucks is known across the world as being a well-built global brand of coffee. As with any company, their main and goal is to increase profits. They achieve this by training their partners to provide coffee lovers with a great experience. Over the years, the company has been recognized for valuing their employees and consumers so profoundly, that it helped to shape them into one of the largest coffee entrepreneurs in the world. They are continuously chosen for being a great place to work. Competitors seem to only fuel Starbucks expansion, strengthening their ability to stand out from all the rest. Employees receive innovative training to ensure they are working at their full potential, and to be passionate people who take pleasure in serving great tasting coffee. In order for Starbucks to remain successful, they must focus on a variety of strategies to maintain their competitive edge, and constantly reinvent products to stay on top of the coffee business. One of the secret to Star bucks success is the opening of new stores in neighborhoods, malls, grocery stores, making it convenient to partake of the Starbucks experience. Management also takes pride in work specialization, and strives to create an atmosphere filled with individuals who are masters at brewing the perfect cup of coffee. Extensive training is provided for all managers in an effort to pursue and achieve the ultimate goal of being the premier brand of coffee that is respected all around the globe. Starbucks is adaptable and knowledgeable when it comes to furthering their profits and market share, and they have a number of capabilities which separates them from other specialty coffee retailers. Howard Schultz, the chairman, president and chief executive of Starbucks, says that a great leader knows how to demonstrate vulnerability, because that will bring people closer to you and show people the human side of you. (Bryant, 2010)

The World Consensus GameTM :: Communication Technology Philosophy Papers

The World Consensus GameTM The World Consensus GameTM allows anyone to contribute to the creation of a world consensus on issues that divide people. Participants can look up positions that have been taken on topics that people disagree on and can contribute to the discussion of these topics. Participation is easy to do. Once you identify a question that interests you, a map is provided that shows the positions that have been taken on that question along with definitions of positions. You can examine arguments that have been provided for a position, including the argument judged best by philosophers and the argument favored by the general public, and you can express your judgment on positions and arguments. Finally, you can contribute new positions, new arguments, and criticisms of other individual's arguments. The world consensus game is like a huge symposium of the world's people with you as a participant. The World Consensus GameTM can be used in a classroom setting, a conference setting, by Fax, or by compu ter. Signing in to using the World Consensus GameTM After accessing the World Consensus Game through "Peacegames.com" participants are asked to sign in. This is necessary if participants want to vote or make comments, so that their vote or comments are recorded as the vote of a philosophy student, a professional philosopher, or a member of the general public. Groups can have individuals sign in b according to any identity typed in such as member of an organization, etc. Professional Philosopher Philosophy student Public voting for First Choose an Issue A, B, C A The first thing you do is identify the area you want to examine. Areas include the traditional areas of Philosophy (Moral , Social Philosophy, 1etc..) in addition to issues relating to world order, protection of the environment, and any other types of issues anyone wants to discuss. Just click on the issue that interests you. The current World Consensus Game is problems oriented, but could be redesigned to include a historical perspective. World Order Issues Global Survival Issues Moral Philosophy, Maps, Definitions, Simulation Social Philosophy, Map and Simulations Political Philosophy Map The Criminal Justice System Theory of Knowledge Metaphysics Philosophy of Religion

Vietnam Vs. America Essay -- essays research papers

The official country name of Vietnam is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The capital is Hanoi and the population of this country is 81,624,716 (July 2003). Ethnic groups include the Vietnamese (80-95%), Chinese, Hmong, Thai, Cham, and other mountainous groups. Languages used are Vietnamese (Official), English (second most favored), French, Chinese and Khmer. Some of the many religions practiced are Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian (Roman Catholic, protestant) and Muslim. The life expectancy for a person living in Vietnam is approximately 67.58 years for the male and 72.7 for the females. Literacy is ages 15 and over can read and write. Government in Vietnam is a Communist State, and the right to vote is age 18. The currency is the Dong which is the basic unit. Countries bordering Vietnam include China, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia. The geography is based on low flat delta in the north and south, central highlands and hilly mountainous in the far north and northwest. The size of Vietnam is 127, 242 Square Miles. Independence was brought on September 2nd, 1945. Before independence was brought to Vietnam, France had occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War 2, but the French continued to rule until 1954 until they were defeated by the Communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the north. The US then tried help strengthen the Vietnamese until with drawing in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnam forces overran the south. The ...

Internet Addiction and Relationships :: Technology Computers Papers

More and more people are discovering that the Internet is not just a world in which information could be found about any and all subjects the human mind could possibly imagine. As people learn about the different advantages the World Wide Web has to offer them, they are also being warned about the various dangers existing in this mysterious world. Students are beginning to take classes from the comfort of their own homes, and teachers conduct their classes on the Internet, making them available to a number of students who would otherwise not be able to physically be present inside an actual classroom. The Internet is a way for family members living far from home, to keep close contact with their loved ones and it is a prime medium for friends living in various areas to communicate. Although the positive aspects of the Internet are quite obvious, the disadvantages that it encompasses make the Internet not just a dangerous place for some, but also a place where great mystery dwells. No one can ever be sure that the person they are speaking to is really who they say they are. Various issues about online relationships, friends and deception come up while on the net. Speak to any online "regular" and they'll tell you how important their anti-virus program is - you never know what you're actually downloading, until it's too late. As someone who has been going online from the age of 10, I have made the Internet part of my everyday life. While other people flip on their televisions to watch the morning news, as they get ready for work or school, I find myself switching on my computer. I wake up fifteen minutes earlier than I have to, just to be able to check my e-mails and weather before I leave my house. It does not end there. Upon arrival back home in the evening hours, the first thing I do as I enter my room is turn on the computer. Sometimes, I go as far as to bring dinner to the computer and eat while I read what people have sent me throughout the day. This is just concerning e-mails. What about the several chat services, through which over a hundred "friends" can send me messages and with whom I can chat? Hours can pass unnoticed when someone is online, talking to friends, reading various articles, and looking at different pictures.

Prisoners with Special Needs Essay

Prior to the 1960s, criminals were all handled similarly and the way in which probation and parole was handled had become a regular routine. However, during the 1960s, the makeup of the typical offender began to change. The corrections system began to recognize the need to manage certain groups of offenders differently. Offenders with the tendency for violence, a history of sexual assault, a physical problem, mental illness, or infectious disease are among the group classified as special offenders, along with juveniles and the elderly (Seiter, 2011). These groups of people require treatment outside of the normal approach to corrections (Seiter, 2011). These offenders financially strain the prison systems at both state and federal levels but must be treated with individualized care in order for rehabilitation to be effective and successful, and for the elderly, the True Grit program has proven to be beneficial to their overall health and wellbeing while incarcerated. Special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing offenders require specialized treatment in order to be effectively rehabilitated. This can affect the state and federal prison system in many ways. The increase in juvenile, female, and elderly inmates has created a more diverse prison population and affects state and federal prisons by creating the need for a more diverse corrections staff. A 2006 study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that over half of all jail and prison inmates have mental health issues; an estimated 1.25 million suffered from mental illness, over four times the number in 1998 (Horowitz, 2013). Prisons reportedly house more mentally ill patients than hospitals, and mentally ill inmates are generally incarcerated for crimes of survival that possible could have been prevented (Horowitz, 2013). They require extensive supervision due to their  tendency to be suicidal, specialists to diagnose and administer treatment, and medications to stabilize them. Substance-abusing offenders make up the majority of the prison population as a study examined 75% of prison inmates were involved with drugs or alcohol at the time of arrest (Cropsey, 2008). Substance-abusing offenders burden the prison system by having an estimated 95% recidivism rate due to relapse (Cropsey, 2013). This can be due to the lack of drug treatment programs available and the access to drugs in prison. These offenders require drug and alcohol abuse counseling and specialized medical care for drug-related illnesses. Juvenile and elderly offenders require segregation from other inmates and elderly inmates may experience accessibility issues and require low energy recreational and work activities (University of Phoenix, 2014). Though the specialized care needed for special offenders can be a financial burden on the prison system, it is necessary to satisfy the goals of the corrections system. If inmates are not properly treated, this will only lead to a revolving door in prison in which inmates constantly are shuffled back and forth in and out of prison. The treatment and counseling services that an inmate participates in can effectively help them to rehabilitate and transition into productive citizens in the community upon release. Most drug and alcohol abusers commit crimes only when under the influence or to obtain their next high (Horowitz, 2013). Also, mentally ill inmates are too often incarcerated while awaiting trial instead of being placed in mental hospitals or treatment centers that can nurture the healing process and administer medications that can place them in a stable mental state. If these groups of offenders received the treatment that they require in order to be productive, they will go on to live law abiding lives outside of prison. Elderly inmates often have mobility issues, suffer from mental illnesses more common with age, and spend a majority of their time in the prison infirmary. True Grit is a program that originated in The Northern Nevada Correctional Center in Carson City, and aims to provide a reason for geriatric inmates to get up in the mornings. The program benefits the prison system in that all resources it requires are allocated through donations and  no prison funds are utilized, it has decreased geriatric infirmary visits, decreased the need for psychotropic medications prescribed to its participants, improved the general wellbeing of its participants, and has reduced the fear of dying alone in its participants (Harrison, 2006). The True Grit program provides a structure living environment for elderly prison inmates and allows them to participate in recreational activities that improve the mobility of their bodies and engage them in a social and nurturing environment. The program also helps participants apply for early compassionate release and adds humanity to the prison system by giving inmates hope. The population of special offenders in prisons has grown at a steady rate. As a result, the need for more individualized care and treatment programs tailored toward their needs has grown as well. Each group of special offenders requires different treatment and approaches in order to be successful candidates for law abiding citizens once released and the treatment they receive while incarcerated can directly impact their success rate. It is financially expensive to administer the programs necessary for the treatment of special offenders but it is also cost affective to treat and rehabilitate whether than risk increases in recidivism rates for ignoring their needs. There are programs available to assist each group and encourage them throughout their treatment and among them is the True Grit program that encourages the elderly inmate population to live fuller lives even behind prison bars and has led to a decrease in the need for medical care and use of psychotropic medications. Programs like it should be utilized more often to obtain similar results and therefore foster the goal of corrections of rehabilitating and decreasing recidivism rates. Cropsey, K.L. (2008). Specialized Prisons and Services: Results from a National Survey. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2350234/ Harrison, M.T. (2006). True: An Innovative Program for Elderly Inmates. Retrieved from http://www.aca.org/fileupload/177/prasannak/Stewart_dec06.pdf Horowitz, A. (2013, February 4). Mental Illness Soars in Prisons, Jails While Inmates Suffer. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/04/mental-illness-prisons-jails-inmates_n_2610062.html Seiter, R.P. (2011). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection University of Phoenix. (2014). Special Offenders [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA234-Introduction to Corrections website.

Reaction Paper “El Presidente” Essay

Making a historical film is always a tough endeavor. What makes it even more challenging is its subject happens to be a controversial figure in history. And one of these is the El Presidente which was became one of the entries in Metro Manila Film Festival 2012 directed by Mark Meily. He crafts a tale centering about Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the First Philippine Republic. This general, politician, and revolutionary leader lived a long, grim, and gainful life from the time of the Philippines’ revolution against the Spanish colonial rule to the American and Japanese. Jeorge â€Å"ER† Estregan plays the lead role with Cesar Montano as Andres Bonifacio. In this film, the story touches on the revolutionary encounters, as well as the many issues, that took place during Aguinaldo’s time. It also explores his inner struggles as a husband, a member of the working class, a war leader, and a politician. It boasts a grand production highlighted by sophisticated cinematography and set pieces. Compared to many other Filipino epic and historical pictures that fall short on their technical ventures, this film gets high marks in its period and action sequences. Even with some inconsistencies and softness lingering in a couple of scenes, many shots still offer that â€Å"WOW† factor for the viewers. And most importantly, the production is still able to live up to the emotional investment such a historical offering needs to promote a sense of nationalism. Clearly, â€Å"El Presidente† is not a perfect film. But in the end, it still shines as a passionate attempt to contribute something valuable for Philippine cinema. This is somehow helps put a man where he belongs in the annals of history, while also inciting a form of curiosity and a sense of patriotism to its intended viewers. It also provokes the audience to have a more open mind on heroism. Even though this person finds h imself makes mistake, for others, or even for the entire country, it still allows certain realizations on how a human being becomes capable of great things. The movie EL PRESIDENTE is based on the life of General Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippine Republic. It aims to present a comprehensive narration of his life, achievements and even some controversial issues about him such as his relationship or conflict with other Filipino hero, Andres Bonifacio. At first I’m not interested in watching because I thought it would be boring for us teenagers to watch that kind of movie. But I realized that it would be nice for me as a student or should I say it would be a helpful reference for me to know about the life of Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo and how the first Philippine President fights for our freedom.

Global warming and climatic changes Essay

Global warming and climatic changes have a synergistic relationship-one leads to the other. Climatic changes are substantial alterations in the earth’s climate that lasts for an extended period of time and can be as a result of global warming. Global warming is defined as a change of climate that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. This is attributed to human interferences especially the release of excessive amounts of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and other fluorinated gases. Global warming is on the rise but in the last century the rate of increase has been alarming. This has prompted world leaders to seek ways of thwarting the rise. It has been revealed that the average temperature of the atmosphere has risen by between 0. 74-0. 18oC. , in a span of one century . This paper tries to identify the solutions to global warming as well as highlighting the positions taken by opponents of the identified solutions. The impacts of global warming on the youths in future as well as the effects of hydrogen and fuel cell on warming are also discussed. Solutions to Global Warming Researches indicate that there is no immediate solution to global warming but there are a number of measures which if followed will retard the development and even reduce the rate of global warming. Some of the measures include; investing a lot in renewable energy, and reduction of the amount of heat trapping gases such as carbondioxide, methane, and ozone emitted to the environment. Much of these gases are from the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide, nevertheless, investing in renewable source of energy, energy efficiency and increasing the efficiency of the vehicles we drive can serve as a great step towards the reduction of overdependence on oil and other fossils fuels that are the source of greenhouse gases and thus global warming. Efficient use of the available energy coupled with the shift to renewable forms of energy such as wind, solar geothermal and bio-energy may significantly reduce the release of heat trapping gases. Nations should plant palm plants and corn plants which are later processed to release alcohol (ethernol) which when burnt releases only energy and water which do not contribute to global warming. The developed countries as well as the newly industrialized economies are the major contributors of green house gases , the U. S in particular produces 70% of all its electricity from fossil fuel such as coal natural gas oil and only 2% of renewable source. The usage of electricity from renewable source offers the most effective way towards the reduction of global warming. De-privatizing (socializing) the US power companies will also serve as an essential step towards solving global warming. This is because de-privatization will allow faster transition from the use of fossil fuel to renewable forms of energy without much consideration to private profits however this calls for serious round table discussions between governments and power companies to reach a consensus. The public also play active role in the fight to contain global warming. The public more than the companies form the larger proportion of the global inhabitants and unless they are involved in the quest for its solution, all will be in vain. They should be educated in regard to green house gases. Leaders worldwide should also be informed of their role in the fight against global warming and should represent their governments effectively on the transition to renewable energy (John J Berger pp. 97). The public should be conversant with the effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy and bio-ethernol. United States and other industrialized nations should be pressurized into the adoption of international treaties to reduce green house gas emission this is because they are a major contributor of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases in the environment. It should be noted that the newly industrialized economies and other developing countries are keeping close watch on the developments taken by the U. S and if they are not in harmony with the international treaties, these countries will also violate the rules and thus blowing out of proportion the effects of global warming. Demerits of the proposed solutions to global warming Despite the aforementioned solutions to global warming, different individuals and groups are very skeptical because they feel that solutions are far from being practical. They argue that the conversion to renewable energy will face a lot of challenges since it negates the previous policies that aimed at helping infant industries in developing countries. In addition, they feel that the shift to renewable energy will hinder the development of other nations thus increasing inequality within nations as has been the case in the last two decades. This they argue will aggravate the social and political tensions. The diversion of the worlds leading grain crop to the production of fuel may affect food prices everywhere. In the event world corn prices rise, so will those of wheat and rice both because of consumer substitution. The crops will also compete for land. This will ultimately hinder the fight against food insecurity and hunger which are perennial problems affecting most of the developing countries. The conversion of agricultural land and forests into farms growing crops suitable for bio-ethernol and other natural sources of renewable energy will have far reaching repercussions. Key among them is the risk of environmental pollution and accumulation of carbon dioxide which will otherwise worsen the situation instead of improving the global climate. This has been evidenced in south East Asia especially Indonesia. When the European Union decided to promote bio-fuel to counter global warming and rain forests were destroyed and replaced with palm trees that make palm oil for fuel. Many plantations were based on highly organic soil and when the farmers burned the land to clear it they dumped millions of tons of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. A bio-fuel scheme designed to slow global warming actually wound up accelerating the phenomenon. Similarly non-renewable sources of energy are cheaper to produce compared to the renewable alternatives. This will ultimately hinder industrial development in developing countries as well as reduce crop production increasing food insecurity. Problems the Youth Are Likely To Face Due To Global Warming Global warming and climatic changes are believed to pose serious threats not only to the youths but also to the entire future generations (NAST 2001 pp. 620). This is because it poses an exceptional environmental and ecological misfortune to the habitats all species. Some of the adverse effects of climate change that the youth are likely to face in future include; hunger, thirst, floods and diseases. Change in temperature and precipitation patterns have a direct relationship with the frequency duration and intensity of other extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts heat, waves and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat reduced stream flows and species extinction. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning in to areas where they were previously extinct. As result of all the energies will be directed to addressing these problems putting the youths at bay. The youths will be jobless since industries will shut down and poverty levels increase. The youths will turn into crimes in order to make ends meet thus predisposing them to many dangers. Effects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells on Global Warming Hydrogen fuel cells work by allowing oxygen treat with natural gas methanol or hydrogen to produce electricity without combustion. In hydrogen fuel cells, water and heat are the only by products other than energy. Fuel cells serve as clean alternative for not only electricity generation but also usage by automobiles. Water and heat are harmless products and therefore reducing global warming. Conclusion: Green house gases such as carbon dioxide ozone and methane are the leading contributor of global warming and the solution to global warming must first of all begin with the reduction of the emission of these greenhouse gases and other heat trapping gases. However the naturally occurring gases have insignificant effects on global warming and therefore the control of artificial generation is the main concern. These gases are the leading causes of global warming. Although the developed countries bear the greatest burden towards limiting global warming, the newly industrialized countries are the major emitters of carbon dioxide and all of them must be in agreement to solve the problem. The international treaties in global warming should not be applied selectively for the fight to be won since it would promote suspicion and mistrust. Meanwhile the solution to reduction of green house gases is the shifting to renewable source of energy such as gasoline, bio-ethernol, solar, and wind energy other than the use of fossil fuel and oil. Emphasizing on energy efficiency and renewable energy will reduce the human contribution to global warming while creating a strong healthier and more secure nation The possibility of utilizing both heat and electricity from all sources of energy makes a significant contribution to reducing atmospheric emissions Reference: John J Berger beating the heat why and how we must combat global warming. Berkeley Hills book, 2000. pp. 97. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Global Temperature Trends: 2002 Summation. Goddard institute for space studies New York, New York Accessed online on November 14th 2007. www. giss. nasa. gov/research/observe/surftemp. 3pp NAST (National Assessment Synthesis Team) climate change impacts on the United States, The potential consequences of climate variability and change, foundation Report for the US global change research program, 2001. Cambridge University Press U. K. pp 620 J. T Houghton L. G Meira, Filho D. J gigs and K. Maskell. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change) stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases physical biological and social-economic implications. IPCC technical paper iii 1997 IPCC, Geneva Switzerland pp. 52 Alcohol: cool solution to global warming? The why files. 2007. Retrieved online on 14 November 2007. http://whyfilesorg/253ethanal Global warming and energy, clean energy solution. Fuel cells. Sierra club. Accessed online on November 14th 2007. http://www. sierraclub. org/globalwarming/solutions/fuelcells. asp Lisa Bushby: hydrogen fuel cells: energy of the future environmental chemistry. http://environmentalchemistry. com/yogi/environmental/200408hydrogenfuelcells. html